“Hepatitis Awareness, Innovation and Elimination: Advances in Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies”

Abstract

Hepatitis comprises a group of inflammatory liver disorders that continue to impose a substantial burden on global health. The disease may result from viral infections, autoimmune conditions, excessive alcohol consumption, metabolic abnormalities, or exposure to hepatotoxic substances. Among these causes, infections with hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses remain the leading contributors to acute and chronic liver disease. Persistent hepatitis B and C infections are particularly associated with progressive liver damage, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although considerable progress has been achieved in diagnostic techniques and antiviral therapies, the burden of hepatitis persists due to inadequate awareness, delayed diagnosis, limited access to healthcare services, and unequal implementation of preventive measures.(1) This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and public awareness of hepatitis. Recent therapeutic advances, including potent antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis B and direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C, have markedly improved disease management and patient outcomes. Preventive strategies such as vaccination, safe injection practices, blood safety, infection control, improved sanitation, and routine screening of at-risk populations remain essential for limiting disease transmission. Furthermore, awareness and educational initiatives play a critical role in promoting early diagnosis, encouraging vaccination, reducing stigma, and improving treatment adherence.(2)A coordinated approach involving healthcare professionals, policymakers, and communities is necessary to strengthen hepatitis control programs and support the World Health Organization’s goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.(3)