Anti-Diabetic Properties Of Syzygium Cumini (Java Plum): A Comparative Review Of Seed And Leaf Extracts

Abstract

Background: Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, commonly known as Java plum or Jamun, is traditionally used in various systems of medicine for the management of diabetes mellitus. The plant is rich in bioactive phytoconstituents, particularly in its seeds and leaves, which may contribute to its antidiabetic potential.
Objective: This study aims to compare the antidiabetic activity of methanol and aqueous extracts derived from the seeds and leaves of Syzygium cumini, with a focus on evaluating their enzyme inhibitory effects relevant to glucose metabolism.
Methods: Phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed to identify the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and other secondary metabolites. Methanol and aqueous extracts of seeds and leaves were prepared and assessed for their antidiabetic activity using standard in-vitro enzyme inhibition assays targeting α-amylase and α- glucosidase.
Results: Both seed and leaf extracts contained significant levels of flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. However, seed extracts particularly the methanol extract exhibited significantly higher inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared to the leaf extracts (p < 0.05), indicating a stronger antidiabetic potential.
Conclusion: The results support the traditional use of Syzygium cumini, especially its seeds, in managing diabetes. The higher enzyme inhibitory activity of seed extracts highlights their potential as a promising natural source for developing plant-based antidiabetic agents.