Anti-Microbial Resistance – A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)* is a major health threat caused by overuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, and agriculture. Resistant microbes survive through mutations and biofilms, making infections hard to treat and increasing deaths and costs. AI and a One Health approach with surveillance, stewardship, and public awareness are key to controlling AMR by 2050. AMR is mainly caused by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, and agriculture. Preventing AMR requires infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance, development of new therapies, and global cooperation. Artificial intelligence is also helping improve diagnosis, surveillance, and the discovery of new antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when germs like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites change and stop responding to medicines. This makes infections harder to treat, raises the risk of severe illness, and causes millions of deaths worldwide.