Green Analytical Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Analysis integrating Sustainability with innovation

Abstract

The goal of green analytical chemistry (GAC) is to reduce the negative effects of chemical analysis on the environment and human health by incorporating green chemistry principles into contemporary analytical procedures. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) is a crucial green analytical method in pharmaceutical analysis, and this review emphasises its efficiency, sustainability, and decreased dependency on hazardous organic solvents. SFC uses supercritical CO₂, a non-toxic, recyclable, and environmentally benign mobile phase, in contrast to traditional chromatographic techniques that use dangerous solvents like acetonitrile and methanol. This allows for quick, high-resolution separations with little waste production. The article covers the basic ideas, separation mechanisms, equipment, and various uses of SFC, especially in drug analysis, impurity profiling, and chiral separations. Innovations in green chemistry, including solvent substitution, miniaturised techniques, and sustainability assessment tools, further support eco-friendly pharmaceutical analysis. All things considered, SFC is a strong, sustainable substitute that balances analytical performance with environmental stewardship and legal compliance.