Curcuma longa (Turmeric) in Breast Cancer: Modulation of p53, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt Pathways
Keywords:
Curcuma longa, turmeric, curcumin, breast cancer, p53 pathway, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, chemosensitisationAbstract
Background:
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide, accounting for approximately 2.3 million new cases and 670,000 deaths in 2022. Projections indicate a 38% increase in incidence and 68% rise in mortality by 2050 if current trends persist. Dysregulation of key signaling pathways—including tumor suppressor p53, pro-inflammatory NF-κB, and pro-survival PI3K/Akt—drives tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Natural compounds such as curcumin from Curcuma longa (turmeric) have gained prominence for their multitargeted anticancer potential.