Phytochemicals and their role in disease prevention

Abstract

Despite the impressive in vitro findings of both synthetic and herbal medications there in vivo activity is often insignificant due to poor bioavailability. According to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), low solubility and/or permeation of drugs is a major concern that results in reduced absorption and poor bioavailability. To address these issues, various strategies have been employed, including the use of permeation enhancers, also known as bioenhancers. Bioenhancers are compounds, either synthetic or natural, that increase the bioavailability of drugs and nutrients such as vitamins, amino acids, and minerals into the systemic circulation and at the site of action, leading to improved therapeutic action. By improving bioavailability, bioenhancers can reduce drug dosage, shorten the treatment period, and overcome drug resistance. Although synthetic bioenhancers have been extensively studied, plant-based bioenhancers may be a superior alternative due to their natural origin.