Natural-Based Nutraceuticals Targeting the Gut-Brain Axis

Abstract

The gut-brain axis (GBA) represents a bidirectional communication network linking the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system through neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. Emerging evidence demonstrates that gut dysbiosis, visceral hypersensitivity, and intestinal barrier dysfunction play pivotal roles in IBS pathophysiology. This review comprehensively examines natural-based nutraceuticals from plant, marine, mineral, and animal sources that modulate the GBA and offer therapeutic potential for IBS management. Plant- derived nutraceuticals including probiotics, prebiotics, berberine, curcumin, and ginger demonstrate significant promise in modulating gut microbiota composition, enhancing short-chain fatty acid production, and reducing visceral hypersensitivity. Marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids and seaweed bioactive compounds exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Essential minerals including magnesium, zinc, and vitamin D address common micronutrient deficiencies while supporting intestinal barrier integrity and neural function. Animal-derived compounds such as bovine colostrum and L-glutamine contribute to mucosal healing and immune modulation. This review synthesizes current clinical evidence, elucidates mechanistic pathways, and examines commercially available formulations, providing a foundation for evidence-based nutraceutical interventions targeting the GBA in IBS management.