MULTI-OMICS APPROACHES FOR PRECISION MEDICINE IN VIRAL HEPATITIS: FROM BIO-MARKER DISCOVERY TO PERSONALIZED THERAPY

Abstract

Background: Viral hepatitis is a great worldwide health challenge, causing appreciable morbidity & mortality, leading to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Antiviral therapies improve non- subjective outcomes; however, a broad range in disease progression & response to treatment requires the development of precision medicine strategies. The technologies of multi-omics have emerged as powerful tools for comprehensive molecular profiling & hence enable individualized diagnosis and therapy. Objective: In this review, we summarize recent progress in multi-omics strategies for precision medicine in viral hepatitis, emphasizing their utility in biomarker discovery, disease prognosis, personalized therapy, & artificial intelligence (AI)-aided non-subjective decision-making. Methods: A thorough literature search was performed using peer-reviewed articles, international clinical practice guidelines, reports published between 2016 and 2026. We critically evaluated current evidence on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, epigenomics, microbiomics and AI-driven multi-omics integration.
Results: The application of multi-omics technologies has improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis through the identification of molecular signatures related to viral persistence, immune dysregulation, fibrosis progression, cirrhosis and HCC. Genomic and transcriptomic profiling allows risk stratification, prediction of the response to antivirals and pharmacogenomic-guided therapy. Proteomic and metabolomic analysis provides novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. AI and machine learning integration of diverse omics datasets enhances biomarker discovery, patient stratification, disease prediction, and therapeutic optimization. However, widespread clinical implementation is limited by high costs, computational complexity, lack of standardized analytical pipelines and insufficient large-scale validation.
Conclusion: Multi-omics approaches are revolutionizing the field of precision hepatology by allowing personalized diagnosis, prognosis & treatment of viral hepatitis. Future integration of single-cell sequencing, spatial omics, CRISPR-based therapies, & explainable AI is expected to accelerate clinical translation & improve patient outcomes.