CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY: CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR (CAR)-T CELL THERAPY

Abstract

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite significant advances in conventional treatment modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach by harnessing the body's immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells. Among these strategies, Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has demonstrated remarkable clinical success, particularly in the treatment of hematological malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. CAR-T cell therapy involves the genetic modification. Cancer still continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe, despite the considerable developments in the field of traditional forms of cancer treatment, including surgical methods, chemotherapy, and radiation. Recently, a revolutionary method for cancer treatment has appeared, namely cancer immunotherapy, which is based on the stimulation of the patient's immune system to fight against malignant cells. Among the different immunotherapy techniques, Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown great results in the treatment of hematological cancers, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. CAR-T cell therapy includes genetic engineering of a patient's T lymphocytes so that they can express receptors capable of binding with specific tumor markers without MHC presentation. The present paper discusses CAR-T cell therapy comprehensively.