Toward a Hepatitis-Free World: Reviewing Progress, Gaps, and Emerging Prevention Strategies

Abstract

Hepatitis continues to be a significant global public health issue, causing a large number of cases of liver disease and leading to many deaths. It is caused by several viruses, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, and can result in long-term conditions such as chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. In recent years, progress has been made in various areas such as testing methods, vaccines, antiviral treatments, public health programs, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence, all of which have helped in preventing, detecting, and managing hepatitis more effectively. This review covers the spread of hepatitis, how it affects the body, the signs and symptoms, ways to diagnose it, methods to prevent it, current treatments, and new developments in its care. Special attention is given to new antiviral drugs, natural remedies, and nanotechnology-based solutions, as well as the use of artificial intelligence in diagnosis. The World Health Organization aims to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030, and this review highlights the importance of combining vaccination, early detection, effective treatment, public education, and technological advancements to achieve this goal. Ongoing research and fair access to healthcare are essential for reducing the worldwide impact of hepatitis.