From The Biology of Viral Hepatitis Molecular Mechanisms to Global Health

Abstract

Viral hepatitis is a significant global public health concern caused by hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E, which primarily affect the liver and result in inflammation. Hepatitis A and E generally cause acute infections, whereas Hepatitis B and C are the leading causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis D occurs only in the presence of Hepatitis B infection. The clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infection to severe liver failure and may also include neurological complications. The pathogenesis of viral hepatitis involves complex interactions between the virus and the host immune system, influencing viral replication, immune evasion, and liver damage. A better understanding of these mechanisms is essential for improving prevention, early diagnosis, and the development of effective therapeutic strategies to reduce the global burden of viral hepatitis.