Spatiotemporal Pharmacology and Drug Action in Dynamic Microenvironments

Abstract

Spatiotemporal pharmacology is a young field representing a combination of spatial and temporal aspects of pharmacologic action improve the understanding of drug behaviours in dynamic micro environment of cells. Advancement of this method can clarify tissue-specific responses, mismatched drug distribution and off-target effects with localization of drugs in the sub-tissue environment and temporal dynamics of effect. Advanced imaging technologies, spatial omics and microphysiological systems increases the understanding of cellular heterogeneity, drug‒target interactions and pharmacokinetic‒pharmacodynamic relationships in biological models. Spatial and temporal pharmacology plays an important role in complex biological environments such as the tumour and immunologic microenvironment, in which protein renaturation and resulting changes in structure and function directly affect the therapeutic efficacy and development of resistance. Due to the various limitations like complexity of data and large financial requirements, new efforts should be made to overcome these challenges by developing AI-enhanced analytics and future generations of spatial technologies that can be used to speed up the process of drug discovery, improves the knowledge and support designing of effective therapeutic plans.