Catalase: A Key Regulator of Hydrogen Peroxide Detoxification and Redox Homeostasis in Disease

Abstract

Scientific prompting is reshaping early-stage drug discovery by transforming large language models (LLMs) into engines for knowledge mining, evidence synthesis, and hypothesis generation. Using the Swalife Prompt Studio platform, we systematically mapped the biology of catalase (CAT), a central regulator of oxidative defense. Analyses confirmed CAT as the non-redundant hub of hydrogen peroxide detoxification, linking peroxisomal metabolism with cellular redox homeostasis. Network biology and multi-omics profiling highlighted CAT as both a structural linchpin and functional bottleneck, consistently dysregulated across cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and aging. Genetic evidence, including rs1001179, reinforced its translational relevance in cancer and vitiligo. Evolutionary conservation of CATs’ interactome underscored its essentiality and therapeutic potential. Beyond this case study, our work establishes autonomous, prompt-driven workflows as scalable, reproducible frameworks for target discovery, accelerating the transition from biological insight to translational opportunity.