Innovative Formulations in Neurodegenerative Pharmacology: From Nano emulsions to Controlled Release Technologies

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) present formidable challenges for pharmacotherapy, largely due to the restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB) [1]. Traditional small molecule drugs often fail to reach the therapeutic concentrations in the brain, necessitating novel delivery approaches. Cutting edge nanoscale formulations-including nanoemulsions, dendrimers, and controlled-release implants are being engineered to enhance CNS targeting and drug bioavailability. These platforms can bypass or exploit BBB transport pathways (e.g. receptor- mediated or intranasal routes) and enable sustained release, higher payloads, and targeting ligands for disease specific tissues [2]. This review provides a comprehensive overview of BBB transport mechanisms, formulation technologies, and their applications in ND therapy. We highlight specific examples (e.g. dopamine-loaded albumin/PLGA nanoparticles in PD or NO-releasing liposomal systems in AD) and discuss challenges in translation (toxicity, immunogenicity, scale-up) and future directions for personalized neurotherapeutics.