Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Pharmacological Approach to Cardiovascular Diseases and advances in therapy

Abstract

Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart failure, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy. Dysregulated mitochondrial function leads to impaired adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and the activation of apoptotic and necrotic pathways, collectively contributing to the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This understanding has propelled the development of Mitochondria-targeting Pharmacological therapies as a promising new frontier. This review summarizes the multifaceted roles of Mitochondria and details how their dysfunction contributes to disease progression. Then explore current Pharmacological strategies, highlighting advancements in targeted drug delivery systems, such as mitochondria-specific lipophilic cations and nanocarriers, designed to precisely deliver therapeutic agents to the organelle.